In addition, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) have also been found to be increased with elevated insulin resistance [17, 40, 41] along with factors such as serum amyloid A, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin [42, 43]. Here, TNF is linked to Insulin resistance.