Functional activity of the TGFβ- and BMP pathways was tested in the chondrosarcoma cell lines SW1353 and JJ012 using luciferase reporter assays with two reporter plasmids carrying pSmad2 (CAGA-luc) and pSmad1 (BRE-luc) responsive promoter elements (Figure 3). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and chondrosarcoma.