Extracellular ATP can also function through P2RX7 purinergic receptors to initiate NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β production that were all shown to be required for the induction of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells following challenge with dying tumor cells (Ghiringhelli et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene P2RY2 and neoplasm.