Exposure to IH for 5 days to 12 weeks uniformly activated the SREBP-1c axis and downstream SCD-1 in both lean and obese mice inducing triglyceride accumulation in the liver, which was more pronounced in DIO and in mice with leptin-deficient obesity (Li et al., 2005a,b, 2007; Savransky et al., 2007b; Drager et al., 2011). The gene discussed is SREBF1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.