Brains were homogenized and intracranial levels of three cytokines known to be associated with and/or causative for HSV-1 mediated brain inflammation and that are also linked with the outcome of HSV-1 encephalitis, IL-6, CCL5 (Rantes) and CCL2 (MCP-1) [6], [9], [12], [13], [14], [15] were measured. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is brain inflammatory disease.