Erlotinib is an oral EGFR inhibitor that is associated with a significant survival benefit among patients with NSCLC when used as maintenance monotherapy after first-line chemotherapy or as second-line or third-line monotherapy.4, 5, 6 In chemotherapy-naive patients with activating EGFR mutations, erlotinib significantly improved progression-free survival compared with chemotherapy.7, 8. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.