A key issue in the development of individualized therapy is identification of biomarkers to predict chemotherapeutics’ efficacy and toxicity.59,60 Thus, our research on patients with mesothelioma confirmed that the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway polymorphisms influence platinum-treatment efficacy and toxicity26 and that ribonucleotide reductase subunit 1 (RRM1) polymorphisms as well as haplotypes are associated with gemcitabine treatment efficacy and toxicity.60 Here, RRM1 is linked to mesothelioma.