CTLs did not lyse the HLA class I-negative melanoma cell line MSR3-mel (not shown) and SH-SY5Y cells transfected with an empty vector, but lysed efficiently, and approximately to the same extent, the MAGE-A3+ HLA-A1+ melanoma cell line ET-1, SH-SY5Y cells treated with IFN-γ, and SH-SY5Y cells co-transfected with IRF1 and p65 (Figs. 5B and S6B). Here, IRF1 is linked to melanoma.