IL1B and cancer: Compared with the results of clinical trials showing that IL-1β treatment through intravenous infusion and subcutaneous administration effectively increases the level of peripheral neutrophils in cancer patients (Veltri & Smith, 1996), our findings show that manipulating tumour-derived IL-1β by chemoradiotherapy to induce N1 TANs should be considered as a strategy for improving immunotherapy, and that inflammasomes are promising therapeutic targets in cancers.