Table 4 depicts currently available diagnostic cut-off values for BNP and NT-proBNP[2,7,8] to ‘rule in’ or ‘rule out’ CHF (stratified for age and GFR with data from patients with eGFR <15 mL/minute/1·73 m2 or those on renal dialysis therapy excluded). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and congestive heart failure.