INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: When applied to populations, the ATP-III MetS criteria for adults[3]—or an adolescent adaptation of these criteria[7]—predict elevations in measures of obesity-related inflammation (such as serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hsCRP[10]), oxidative stress (such as uric acid[11,12]) and insulin resistance (often assessed in epidemiological studies as fasting insulin[13-15]).