MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Since, Rudelli et al.[126] reported a case of classic AD pathology in a 38 year old severe head trauma patient, both tau pathologies and Aβ plaques were identified in survivors of single TBI[121,123] Subsequently, cases of AD-like pathology including neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ deposition[124,127-130] were reported in head trauma victims, including boxers, irrespective of age[131].