INS and Hyperglycemia: This may be consistent with the observations of Monnier et al. (39), who showed that FPG (primarily targeted by basal insulin) is the major contributor to HbA1c when HbA1c values are very elevated, whereas postprandial glucose (primarily targeted by twice-daily exenatide) is the major contributor to overall hyperglycaemia at lower HbA1c levels.