NFKB1 and infection: Infection of HEK293-TLR2 cells with UV-inactivated EBV and infection of TLR2 expressing cells pre-treated with phosphonoacetic acid (a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor) also led to increased NF-κB expression, indicating that TLR2 could recognize intact virions and that stimulation was not dependent on viral replication, only on binding of EBV to the cell surface (Gaudreault et al., 2007).