Notably, TG2-targeted IgA intestinal deposits are present at all stages of CD, including early developing CD (prior to villous atrophy; Kaukinen et al., 2005; Paparo et al., 2005; Tosco et al., 2008) as well as the advanced lesion stage in rare seronegative patients (Salmi et al., 2006b). This evidence concerns the gene CD79A and Cowden disease.