Furthermore, metformin, known to exert a portion of its effect through AMPK, has been reported to decrease intracellular production of mtROS in aortic endothelial cells [38], while activation of AMPK has been observed to reduce hyperglycaemia-induced mtROS production by induction of the endogenous mitochondrial antioxidant, SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2) in HUVECs [39]. This evidence concerns the gene SOD2 and Hyperglycemia.