Not specific to MAP but to mycobacteria in general, mycobacterial HSP has been found in several additional autoimmune diseases [73]: the mycobacterial HSP65 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis [74], autoimmune hepatitis [75], primary biliary cirrhosis [76], and scleroderma [77]. This evidence concerns the gene HSPD1 and scleroderma.