CD4 and ancylostomiasis: To explore the relationship of MT, innate and adaptive immune homeostasis, and immune activation with hookworm infection, we measured markers of MT and acute-phase proteins, pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines along with CD4+, CD8+ T cell, NK cell, and B cell numbers as well as frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and dendritic cell (DC) subsets in hookworm-infected (INF) and uninfected (UN) individuals.