Levels of TNF-α at I/R 100 min (i.e., 100 min after ischemia) and 150 min were increased by 1.4-fold (P<0.05) and 2.3-fold (P<0.01), respectively, as compared to I/R 0 min (i.e., time right before ischemia) (upper left panel, Fig. 2A). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and ischemia.