Based on these mice studies, we propose that in humans, the chronically increased ASP levels in various metabolic disturbances including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome and lipoprotein lipase deficiencies [31], [40], [41], [39] may directly contribute not only to adipose tissue dysfunction, but to chronic inflammatory responses and insulin resistance, particularly in the presence of typical Western high fat diets. The gene discussed is LPL; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.