Consistent with data from mouse studies, Nakayama and colleagues [16] found significantly elevated IP10 levels in BALF and elevated serum levels of epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating protein 78 (ENA-78; also termed CXCL5) in patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia compared to patients with IPF and controls. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL5 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.