PPARGC1A and heart failure: In many tissues, an abnormal regulation of PGC-1α results in pathological consequences and we and others have shown that heart failure is tightly associated with a decrease in PGC-1α mRNA and protein expression in different rodent models [2], [3], [4] or in humans [5], [6] leading to energetic deficiency of the myocardium, while other studies pointed to a deficit of PGC-1α coactivating targets involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA replication both in humans [7], [8] and animal models [8].