HPSE and carcinoma: We found that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), heparan sulfate-binding epidermal-like growth factor (HB-EGF), heparanase-1, membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), stroma-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are required for carcinoma cell growth stimulation by CAF from the majority of patients.