Although virus clearance from the infected respiratory tract and specific elimination of infected respiratory epithelial cells is critical for control of influenza infection and recovery [4], [5], [6], we recently reported that effector cytokine production by anti-viral CD8+ T cells in the influenza-infected lungs is triggered not by the infected respiratory epithelium but rather by CD45+ inflammatory cells infiltrating the infected lungs [5]. Here, CD8A is linked to influenza.