LGALS4 and cyst: To investigate the role of ecdysteroids during early male germ cell development, we analyzed ecd1 males and knocked down gene expression with c587-GAL4 driver, which is strongly expressed in somatic cyst progenitor cells and cyst cells of the testis and should exert a similar degree of pathway knock down in the testis as it did in the ovary (see Fig. S2).