TNF and colitis: Here, we showed the protective effects of both fractions in an experimental model of colitis, where the treatment with fractions of R. mangle results in the amelioration of the colonic mucosa injury (Table 2), the improvement of antioxidant contents (GSH) and enzymes (GSH-Px, catalase) as well as the modulation of inflammatory markers (MPO, TBARS, COX-1, and COX-2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-12).