Thus, it is difficult to predict how the expression of NKG2D-ligands could affect the intensity of an immune response of a cancer patient since this will depend on multiple factors including the presence of NKG2D-ligands in serum and, as discussed above, the particular cytokine milieu that could oppose or enhance NKG2D downmodulation by serum NKG2D-ligands. The gene discussed is KLRK1; the disease is cancer.