SMPD1 and cystic fibrosis: CF mice with partial genetic ASM deficiency (Cftr−/−/Smpd1+/−) display reduced inflammation and reduced susceptibility to pseudomonal infection (Grassmé et al., 2008; Teichgräber et al., 2008; Kitatani et al., 2009; Becker et al., 2010; Grassmé et al., 2010).