Our results are in agreement with a previous report in which we demonstrated increased expression of CTGF in the retinas from subjects with diabetes and that CTGF was expressed by vascular endothelial cells and α-SMA-expressing myofibroblasts in PDR epiretinal membranes and by myofibroblasts in PVR epiretinal membranes. This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and diabetes mellitus.