Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, vorinostat, induced both mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and caspase-independent autophagic cell death in HeLa cells.69 Other HDAC inhibitors, LAQ824 and LBH589 (panobinostat), also caused autophagic cell death in lymphoma cells when the intrinsic apoptosis pathway was inhibited.70 However, HDAC inhibitor-induced autophagy may have a dual role—tumor suppressing and tumor promoting. Here, HDAC9 is linked to lymphoma.