Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system is the major CD-predisposing genetic factor and the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (http://www.genenames.org/) has indicated HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 class II genes as CELIAC1. Nevertheless, HLA region alone accounts for approximately 40% of the disease heritability[1,11,18] meaning that other genes are involved in CD susceptibility. The gene discussed is HLA-DQA1; the disease is Cowden disease.