CXCL9 and scoliosis: Vitality remained significantly associated with expression levels of, CXCL9 (β = −2.5, p = 0.02), CXCL11 (β = −2.5, p = 0.02), and IFNA6 (β = −2.2, p = 0.04) after controlling for patient characteristics (i.e. age, sex, and the severe scoliosis).