Notably, although the normal systemic metablic state in MHC- PPARα mice was not affected by treatment with APS, compared with the significant reversal of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in db/db mice after therapy with APS, the prevention of cardiac dysfunction and myocardial lipotoxicity in the APS-treated MHC-PPARα mice is almost the same with that in the APS-treated db/db diabetic mice, which in turn further demonstrated that therapy with APS could rescue diabetic cardiomyopathy directly, independent of its influence on the systemic metabolic disorders. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-C and metabolic disease.