INS and metabolic disease: On the other hand, although APS treatment had the significant systemic effect on the metabolic disorder in db/db mice, with decreases in the elevated levels of serum glucose, insulin, TAG and FFA, to the normal systemic metabolic state of MHC-PPARα mice (Figure 2), the rescue of cardiac dysfunction and abnormal expression of cardiac marker genes in APS-treated MHC-PPARα mice showed no difference from those in APS-treated db/db mice.