HP and duodenal ulcer: Hence, our findings related to identification of Hp per se as the sole etiologic factor in 44.1% of duodenal ulcer patients while simultaneous presence of Hp and NSAID and/or ASA use only in 40.8% of ulcer patients may be associated with the exclusion of patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding since the presence of both factors was detected significantly more frequently in patients with ulcer bleeding than in nonbleeding control subjects [12].