Using NC/Nga mice, several studies with various lactobacilli strains have shown beneficial effects in the prevention of atopic dermatitis-like symptoms, including increased sIgA production (Abrahamsson et al., 2012), reduced IgE (Wakabayashi et al., 2008), upregulated IL-10 (Abrahamsson et al., 2012), and reduced Th2 cytokine secretion in vitro (Klewicka et al., 2011), suggesting that probiotics mediate their activity through several mechanisms. The gene discussed is IGHE; the disease is atopic eczema.