Nevertheless, analysis of microarray expression data from TCGA [11,46] for 397 glioblastoma cases (Additional file 4) revealed a clear trend for core upregulated GNS genes to be more highly expressed in glioblastoma tumors than in non-neoplastic brain tissue (P = 0.02, randomization test; Figure 3a) and an opposite trend for core downregulated genes (P = 3 × 10-5; Figure 3c). Here, GNS is linked to glioblastoma.