EDN1 and hyperinsulinism: The AD ratio was associated, in a stepwise gradation, with higher levels of numerous non-lipid cardiometabolic markers: fasting insulinemia; hsCRP; fibrinogen; Big ET-1; uric acid, and cystatin C. Compensatory hyperinsulinemia is likely to represent a major underlying driver for both AD and for the proatherogenic changes observed in non-LDL lipids and non-lipid CV markers.