We analyzed NLRP3 rs35829419, rs10754558 SNPs and NLRP1 rs2670660, rs12150220 SNPs in 134 Italian patients with mesothelioma, in 256 healthy controls and in 101 individuals exposed to asbestos with no mesothelioma at the age of the enrollment. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is mesothelioma.