[24] Another study on humans found that polymorphisms in CHRNA3 increased susceptibility to develop peripheral arterial disease among smokers [13]. In addition, a large meta-analysis of over 24000 subjects demonstrated that CHRNA3-rs1051730 interacts with smoking status in influencing body mass index (BMI). The allele that predisposes to heavier smoking was associated with a lower BMI in those who smoked but not in non-smokers. [25]. Here, CHRNA3 is linked to peripheral arterial disease.