These candidate genes included FCRL5, adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1), CCL18, tumor-necrosis factor receptor superfamily 17 (TNFRSF17) and leukocyte immunoglobin-like receptor, subfamily A (without TM domain) member 3 (LILRA3), and IRF4 which has shown to be involved in chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), (Table 5). Here, CCL18 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.