SEB can be detected in nasal discharge of patients with chronic sinusitis, which may be swallowed down into the gastrointestinal tract, that was demonstrated by our previous study that SEB was involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal chronic inflammation in patients with both chronic sinusitis and inflammatory bowel disease; the patients also had high serum levels of SEB-specific IgE [18]. This evidence concerns the gene IGHE and chronic rhinosinusitis.