In addition, in the absence of TGF-β1 in MDS-MSC or normal-MSC, there were no significant difference in the generation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs (6.2%±0.5% for T cell alone, 5.3%±0.3% for low-risk MDS-MSC, 5.9%±0.4% for high-risk MDS-MSC, and 4.7%±0.8% for normal-MSC) (Figure 5B). Here, TGFB1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.