TAX1BP3 and glioma: It was also noted that the impact of the TIP-1 expression status on apoptosis of the glioma cell was not as dramatic as that observed in clonogenic assays, suggesting more studies are needed to explore the putative roles of pathways other than apoptosis, such as senescence or auophagy [35], in the TIP-1 regulated glioma cell response to IR.