Hsp60 may be released from cells as a result (i) of viral infection, as reported for Hepatitis B infection of hepatocytes [7] and/or (ii) of translocation of Hsp60 to the cell surface as a result of apoptosis [18] and/or (iii) of active secretion in exosomes [23]. This evidence concerns the gene HSPD1 and hepatitis B virus infection.