Diseases associated with NOD1 activity are mostly chronic inflammatory disorders, e.g., atopic eczema and asthma, underscoring the importance of this receptor in the regulation of the immune response [40], [41], this includes NF-κB activation, cytokine production and, interestingly the induction of apoptosis [14], [42]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is asthma.