TSC1 and benign neoplasm: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem autosomal-dominant syndrome caused by mutations inactivating one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2. It is typified by formation of hamartomas, or benign tumors, in multiple organ systems such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain and skin [1] and is also commonly connected with a wide array of potentially devastating neurological phenotypes, including intellectual, behavioral and psychiatric disorders.