In contrast, a disease-potentiating effect of CCR5 has been found in experimental cerebral malaria [46], schistosomiasis [47], leishmaniasis [48], cryptococcosis [49], herpes keratitis [50], mouse hepatitis virus-induced multiple sclerosis [51], and HIV/AIDS [52], mostly as a consequence of increased immunopathology, and in the case of HIV/AIDS due to usage of CCR5 as an alternative receptor for virus infection (reviewed in [3]). The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is multiple sclerosis.