Remarkably, culture supernatants from poly(I∶C)-, LPS- and Imiquimod-treated MDMs from two donors did not differ in their ability to reduce susceptibility to HIV-1 infection when transferred to naïve MDMs, suggesting that indeed there is a contribution to anti-HIV-1 effects of soluble factor(s) released from MDMs upon TLR stimulation, but this contribution seems to be similar for TLR3, TLR4 and TLR7, as recently suggested by Wang et al. [24]. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is HIV-1 infection.