Using MDMs from multiple donors to minimize the effect of donor-to-donor variation, we found suppression or near suppression of infection in both single-round and multiple-round infections in TLR3- and TLR4-stimulated MDMs, but not in those stimulated through TLR2, TLR7 or TLR9, in which only a partial reduction of infection was observed. Here, TLR3 is linked to infection.