In addition, all TLR-stimulated MDMs produced high amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and of β-chemokines CCL3–5, indicating as well that they did respond robustly to stimulation, and we did not find any noticeable difference that could correlate with the suppression vs. reduction of infection observed with the various TLR ligands. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is infection.