Serum VEGF levels in group D were not statistically different from those in control group C (54.3 ± 13.8 pg/ml vs. 63.7 ± 17.5 pg/ml, P = 0.327) and were much higher than those in group B immediately after the first treatment course (Figure 2), suggesting a significant relapse of tumor growth and angiogenesis happened after IFN-α treatment was stopped. Here, IFNA1 is linked to neoplasm.