VIM and posterior cortical atrophy: Kong et al., found that over-expression of PDGF-D led to the induction of EMT phenotype in PC3 prostate cancer (PCa) cells, which was associated with loss of epithelial markers and gain of expression of mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, vimentin as well as up-regulation of transcription factors including ZEB1, ZEB2 and Slug, resulting in enhanced cell migration, invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo[9], [18], [19].